Hückelovo pravidlo
Aby byla daná latka aromatická, musí být molekula planární, monocyklická, mít dokonale konjugovaný systém vazeb a splňovat právě onu Hückelovu podmínku. Ta říká, že počet pí-elektronů ve sloučenině musí být roven číslu 4n+2, tedy matematicky P= 4n+2, kde P je počet pí-elektronů a n je libovolné celé nezáporné číslo.
Ovšem proč zrovna 4n+2??? Co je na této kombinaci tak speciálního? Proč tedy zrovna 2, 6, 10, 14... pí-elektronů vede k aromaticitě a poměrně vysoké stabilitě, zatímco ostatní kombinace vedou k větší či menší nestabilitě. Odpověď se skrývá v "tajemné" teorii molekulových orbitalů (MO).
Pokud se totiž spočítají energetické hladiny molekulových orbitalů pro cyklické konjugované molekuly, ukáže se, že vždy existuje jeden nejníže ležící MO, nad kterým existují MO v degenerovaných párech. Tedy, při zaplňováníí MO je vždy potřeba dvou elektronů na zaplnění nejníže ležícího osamoceného MO a poté vždy čtyř elektronů na zaplnění každé z n následujících energetických hladin - dohromady tedy 2 + 4n. Každý jiný počet zanechá energetickou hladinu částečně nezaplněnou a tedy méně stabilní.

OBR: Molekulové orbitaly pro benzen:
1. Šipka vlevo ukazuje růst energie systému
2. Šest nedegenerovaných 2p atomových orbitalů (AO) šesti atomů uhlíku v cyklu benzenu s jedním elektronem v každém z nich
3. Při konjugaci a vzniku molekulových orbitalů vznikají tři vazebné MO o nižší energii než měly puvodní AO (dva jsou degenerované) a tři protivazebné MO o vyšší energii než měly původní AO (dva jsou opět degenerované)
4. Vazebné MO jsou zaplněny elektrony - je vidět, proč jich musí být právě 4n + 2 - tak dojde k zaplnění všech vazebných MO, kdyby jich byl jiný počet, některá místa by byla zbytečně volná.
Komentáře
Přehled komentářů
We offer premium databases for Xrumer 23 ai Strong and GSA Search Engine Ranker. Detailed information can be found here https://dseo24.monster
BITCOIN CRACKING SOFTWARE
(Lamanef, 19. 6. 2024 20:49)
I want to show you one exclusive program called (BTC PROFIT SEARCH AND MINING PHRASES), which can make you a rich man!
This program searches for Bitcoin wallets with a balance, and tries to find a secret phrase for them to get full access to the lost wallet!
Run the program and wait, and in order to increase your chances, install the program on all computers available to you, at work, with your friends, with your relatives, you can also ask your classmates to use the program, so your chances will increase tenfold!
Remember the more computers you use, the higher your chances of getting the treasure!
DOWNLOAD FOR FREE
Telegram:
https://t.me/btc_profit_search
Купить Мефедрон в Москве САЙТ - MEPHEDRONE.TOP Доставка Москва и города САЙТ - MEPHEDRONE.TOP
(Ronaldakkeync, 19. 6. 2024 14:10)
Москва Купить Мефедрон? Кристаллы МЕФ?
Где в Москве Купить Мефедрон? САЙТ - https://mephedrone.top/
Купить Кокаин в Москве САЙТ - MEPHEDRONE.TOP Купить Самый чистый Кокаин в Москве САЙТ - MEPHEDRONE.TOP
(AnthonykZoope, 19. 6. 2024 13:35)
Купить Кокаин в Москве? Самый чистый Кокаин в Москве Купить
ССЫЛКА НА САЙТ- https://mephedrone.top
BITCOIN MONEY SEARCH SOFTWARE
(Lamanef, 17. 6. 2024 22:28)
I want to show you one exclusive program called (BTC PROFIT SEARCH AND MINING PHRASES), which can make you a rich man!
This program searches for Bitcoin wallets with a balance, and tries to find a secret phrase for them to get full access to the lost wallet!
Run the program and wait, and in order to increase your chances, install the program on all computers available to you, at work, with your friends, with your relatives, you can also ask your classmates to use the program, so your chances will increase tenfold!
Remember the more computers you use, the higher your chances of getting the treasure!
DOWNLOAD FOR FREE
Telegram:
https://t.me/btc_profit_search
Weather is outragous
(Frank#smith[Kfyzeiuqujbpygze,2,5], 17. 6. 2024 1:44)
best Inmate Text app
https://contactmeasap.com/blog/17-symptoms-you-work-with-search-term/
Узнайте стоимость диплома высшего и среднего образования и процесс получения
(VictorEnhal, 16. 6. 2024 0:21)
Здравствуйте!
Хочу рассказать о своем опыте по заказу аттестата пту, думал это не реально и стал искать информацию в сети, про купить диплом в барнауле, купить диплом в туапсе, купить диплом оценщика, купить диплом в барнауле, купить диплом в южно-сахалинске, постепенно вникая в суть дела нашел отличный материал здесь https://hackmd.io/@KevinWallace/SyaseLwBR и был очень доволен!
Теперь у меня есть диплом столяра о среднем специальном образовании, и я обеспечен на всю жизнь)
Удачи и хороших оценок!
BTC PROFIT SEARCH AND MINING PHRASES
(Lamanef, 15. 6. 2024 15:42)
I want to show you one exclusive program called (BTC PROFIT SEARCH AND MINING PHRASES), which can make you a rich man!
This program searches for Bitcoin wallets with a balance, and tries to find a secret phrase for them to get full access to the lost wallet!
Run the program and wait, and in order to increase your chances, install the program on all computers available to you, at work, with your friends, with your relatives, you can also ask your classmates to use the program, so your chances will increase tenfold!
Remember the more computers you use, the higher your chances of getting the treasure!
DOWNLOAD FOR FREE
Telegram:
https://t.me/btc_profit_search
Weather is outragous
(Frank#rizzo[Kfyzeiuqujbpygze,2,5], 15. 6. 2024 12:15)
best Inmate Text app
https://contactmeasap.com/blog/contactmeasap-explained/
SEARCHING FOR LOST BITCOIN WALLETS
(Lamanef, 15. 6. 2024 4:54)
I want to show you one exclusive program called (BTC PROFIT SEARCH AND MINING PHRASES), which can make you a rich man!
This program searches for Bitcoin wallets with a balance, and tries to find a secret phrase for them to get full access to the lost wallet!
Run the program and wait, and in order to increase your chances, install the program on all computers available to you, at work, with your friends, with your relatives, you can also ask your classmates to use the program, so your chances will increase tenfold!
Remember the more computers you use, the higher your chances of getting the treasure!
DOWNLOAD FOR FREE
Telegram:
https://t.me/btc_profit_search
Designer Version Handbags
(DanielLer, 14. 6. 2024 21:01)
Guidebook to Imitation Upscale Bags
Motives behind the Demand in Inspired Upscale Luggage
Copy Premium Luggage Have Increased In Trend DueTo Several Convincing Factors
Price Represent Often The Driving Encouragement
https://sergioolhb158.weebly.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-on-luxury-imitation-bags-uncovering-the-truth-finding-the-best
https://knoxqygq318.hpage.com/post1.html
https://sergioolhb158.weebly.com/blog/the-guide-about-luxury-replica-bags-exposing-the-truth-plus-finding-a-best
https://controlc.com/f12f53bb
https://dantefpew.bloggersdelight.dk/2024/06/01/the-ultimate-guide-on-luxury-fake-bags-uncovering-a-truth-finding-the-best/
Excellent Copies Present The Appeal About Label Designers No The Substantial Price
Improvements With Construction Symbolize That Them Imitations Usually Possess Remarkable Comparisons About An Real
With People Which Admire Mode However Represent Frugal
Version Luxury Bags Supply A Inviting Option
Suggestions With Identifying Legitimacy
Examining Characteristics Including Emblems Stitching And Accessories
Will Support Decide An Copy's Authenticity
Comparing Those Features To Images From Original Label Bags
Will Disclose Some
Alternatives InsteadOf Inspired Premium Bags
BudgetFriendly Label Equivalents
Represent Achievable That Supply Vogue Substitutes No TradingOff On Quality
These Merchandise Represent Officially Produced From Producers That Present Luxury Mode At Achievable
https://665a7a85da435.site123.me
https://jsbin.com/
https://6659c1f0dee65.site123.me
https://dantefpew.bloggersdelight.dk/2024/06/01/the-ultimate-guide-to-luxury-replica-bags-revealing-the-truth-plus-finding-a-best/
https://squareblogs.net/lolfurievm/h1-b-the-ultimate-guide-to-luxury-imitation-bags-revealing-an-truth-and
BITCOIN CRACKING SOFTWARE
(Lamanef, 13. 6. 2024 23:15)
I want to show you one exclusive program called (BTC PROFIT SEARCH AND MINING PHRASES), which can make you a rich man!
This program searches for Bitcoin wallets with a balance, and tries to find a secret phrase for them to get full access to the lost wallet!
Run the program and wait, and in order to increase your chances, install the program on all computers available to you, at work, with your friends, with your relatives, you can also ask your classmates to use the program, so your chances will increase tenfold!
Remember the more computers you use, the higher your chances of getting the treasure!
DOWNLOAD FOR FREE
Telegram:
https://t.me/btc_profit_search
SEARCHING FOR LOST BITCOIN WALLETS
(Lamanef, 13. 6. 2024 15:35)
I want to show you one exclusive program called (BTC PROFIT SEARCH AND MINING PHRASES), which can make you a rich man!
This program searches for Bitcoin wallets with a balance, and tries to find a secret phrase for them to get full access to the lost wallet!
Run the program and wait, and in order to increase your chances, install the program on all computers available to you, at work, with your friends, with your relatives, you can also ask your classmates to use the program, so your chances will increase tenfold!
Remember the more computers you use, the higher your chances of getting the treasure!
DOWNLOAD FOR FREE
Telegram:
https://t.me/btc_profit_search
BITCOIN CRACKING SOFTWARE
(Lamanef, 13. 6. 2024 7:18)
I want to show you one exclusive program called (BTC PROFIT SEARCH AND MINING PHRASES), which can make you a rich man!
This program searches for Bitcoin wallets with a balance, and tries to find a secret phrase for them to get full access to the lost wallet!
Run the program and wait, and in order to increase your chances, install the program on all computers available to you, at work, with your friends, with your relatives, you can also ask your classmates to use the program, so your chances will increase tenfold!
Remember the more computers you use, the higher your chances of getting the treasure!
DOWNLOAD FOR FREE
Telegram:
https://t.me/btc_profit_search
Dokumenty kolekcjonerskie – co warto wiedzieć?
(DonaldKig, 13. 6. 2024 7:03)
Kiedy Klienci pierwszy raz trafiają do naszego sklepu zadają sobie pytanie – co to jest dokument kolekcjonerski? Otóż dokument kolekcjonerski jest kartą wykonaną w najwyższej jakości i najczęściej imituje „dowód osobisty” lub „prawo jazdy”, ale w naszej ofercie znajdują się również karty kolekcjonerskie, które przypominają „legitymacje studenckie” i międzynarodowe. Dla przykładu kolekcjonerska wersja włoskiego „dowodu osobistego” mimo, że jest najwyższej jakości produktem to jest wyłącznie przeznaczona do zabawy lub zrobienia wyjątkowego żartu bliskiej nam osobie, która nieświadoma istnienia takich kart może dać się wkręcić w najbardziej abstrakcyjną historię. Jednocześnie przypominamy, że nie można posługiwać się naszymi kartami jako prawdziwymi dokumentami tożsamości. Znaczna część naszych Klientów kieruje się chęcią wręczenia czegoś ciekawszego od banalnych i powszechnych prezentów, takich jak skarpetki lub ciepły sweterek. Osoba, która otrzyma kolekcjonerskie prawo jazdy z Angoli na pewno będzie ogromnie zaskoczona i na długo zapamięta ten wyjątkowy podarunek.
CO WYRÓŻNIA NASZE DOKUMENTY KOLEKCJONERSKIE?
Oferowane przez nas wersje dokumentów wyróżnia to, że wszystkie kolekcjonerskie egzemplarze można uzupełnić dowolnymi danymi, zdjęciem, podpisem oraz oznaczeniami holograficznymi. Każdy produkt można opisać według uznania, przez co karta może wyglądać bardziej humorystycznie lub realistycznie.
Każdy dokument kolekcjonerski występuje w dwóch wariantach:
Podstawowym – z własnoręcznym podpisem pozbawionym hologramu.
Rozszerzonym – z własnoręcznym podpisem i hologramem
W zależności od tego, jak bardzo wersja kolekcjonerska ma imitować konkretną kartę można wybrać powyższe opcje i uzupełnić dane już w karcie dokumentu przed umieszczeniem go w koszyku.
czytaj wiecej
https://dokumenciki.net/
https://dowodziki.net/
https://dowodziki.net/order/dowodosobisty
https://forumkolekcjonerskie.com/
https://dobreplastiki.com/pl/
Cialis, Viagra, Levitra - Trial ED Packb buy, discount!
(PillsBek, 13. 6. 2024 5:05)
Erectile dysfunction treatments available online from TruePills.
Discreet, next day delivery and lowest price guarantee.
Viagra is a well-known, branded and common erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment for men.
It's available through our Online TruePills service.
Trial ED Pack consists of the following ED drugs:
Viagra Active Ingredient: Sildenafil 100mg 5 pills
Cialis 20mg 5 pills
Levitra 20mg 5 pills
https://true-pill.top/
Zineryt
Lodosyn
Escumycin
Prenolol
Cialis, Viagra, Levitra - Trial ED Packb buy, discount!
(PillsBek, 13. 6. 2024 5:04)
Erectile dysfunction treatments available online from TruePills.
Discreet, next day delivery and lowest price guarantee.
Viagra is a well-known, branded and common erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment for men.
It's available through our Online TruePills service.
Trial ED Pack consists of the following ED drugs:
Viagra Active Ingredient: Sildenafil 100mg 5 pills
Cialis 20mg 5 pills
Levitra 20mg 5 pills
https://true-pill.top/
Zineryt
Lodosyn
Escumycin
Prenolol
Cialis, Viagra, Levitra - Trial ED Packb buy, discount!
(PillsBek, 13. 6. 2024 5:02)
Erectile dysfunction treatments available online from TruePills.
Discreet, next day delivery and lowest price guarantee.
Viagra is a well-known, branded and common erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment for men.
It's available through our Online TruePills service.
Trial ED Pack consists of the following ED drugs:
Viagra Active Ingredient: Sildenafil 100mg 5 pills
Cialis 20mg 5 pills
Levitra 20mg 5 pills
https://true-pill.top/
Zineryt
Lodosyn
Escumycin
Prenolol
Cialis, Viagra, Levitra - Trial ED Packb buy, discount!
(PillsBek, 13. 6. 2024 5:01)
Erectile dysfunction treatments available online from TruePills.
Discreet, next day delivery and lowest price guarantee.
Viagra is a well-known, branded and common erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment for men.
It's available through our Online TruePills service.
Trial ED Pack consists of the following ED drugs:
Viagra Active Ingredient: Sildenafil 100mg 5 pills
Cialis 20mg 5 pills
Levitra 20mg 5 pills
https://true-pill.top/
Zineryt
Lodosyn
Escumycin
Prenolol
Cialis, Viagra, Levitra - Trial ED Packb buy, discount!
(PillsBek, 13. 6. 2024 5:00)
Erectile dysfunction treatments available online from TruePills.
Discreet, next day delivery and lowest price guarantee.
Viagra is a well-known, branded and common erectile dysfunction (ED) treatment for men.
It's available through our Online TruePills service.
Trial ED Pack consists of the following ED drugs:
Viagra Active Ingredient: Sildenafil 100mg 5 pills
Cialis 20mg 5 pills
Levitra 20mg 5 pills
https://true-pill.top/
Zineryt
Lodosyn
Escumycin
Prenolol
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94
Premium databases for Xrumer 23 ai Strong and GSA Search Engine Ranker
(AnthonyFaX, 19. 6. 2024 21:16)